“不用表标、不用表达式,只用“提示 + 奖励”也能教会模型学习。”
相比于传统的SFT (直接依靠补全给模型打样),GRPO (奖励引导提示优化)更近于一种“工程师思维”:按红线奖励模型,运行一组prompt解题,按解出结果算分,给出一个指定的reward,重新进行prompt优化。

网上最多的案例,都是用GRPO训练GSM8K类的数学算法题,或者“Countdown Game”通关玩法,我想玩点新鲜的。
我的初始热情来自一个简单的创意:
能不能让大模型,根据一些“事件列表+优先级”,自动生成一个日程表?
在初步试验中,ChatGPT类的大模型基本能接近解决问题,但是下14B的小型模型基本一脱装就不行了,这也让我更有励气应用GRPO通过prompt奖励应用小型模型学会“算日程”这件事。
但是,我没有想到的是:一个简单的创意题目,会拉出一整套工程化思维过程:自行设计prompt输入格式,生成训练数据,选择基础模型,设计奖励函数,进行多轮微调训练。
所有代码和实践我都放在了以下项目,可以看到如何训练领域特定模型,使用 GRPO 微调了 qwen2.5-coder-7B, 实现了一个生成日程表的大模型。并且不光有教程,还有代码,模型。感兴趣的同学可以参考这个学习。
教程地址:huggingface.co/blog/anakin87/qwen-scheduler-grpo
代码地址:github.com/anakin87/qwen-scheduler-grpo
模型地址:huggingface.co/anakin87/qwen-scheduler-7b-grpo

下面我将从以下几个方面,完整解析我如何用GRPO微调Qwen2.5-coder,打造一个能识别优先级和时间空间的日程定制AI。






from unsloth import FastLanguageModel
max_seq_length = 2048
lora_rank = 32
model, tokenizer = FastLanguageModel.from_pretrained(
model_name = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct",
max_seq_length = max_seq_length,
load_in_4bit = True,
fast_inference = True,
max_lora_rank = lora_rank,
gpu_memory_utilization = 0.85, # Reduce if out of memory
)
model = FastLanguageModel.get_peft_model(
model,
r = lora_rank,
target_modules = [
"q_proj", "k_proj", "v_proj", "o_proj",
"gate_proj", "up_proj", "down_proj",
], # Remove QKVO if out of memory
lora_alpha = lora_rank,
use_gradient_checkpointing = "unsloth", # Enable long context finetuning
random_state = 3407,)
gpu_memory_utilization
、 lora_rank
和 target_modules
;后两个参数会影响你的模型能学习多少。对数据集进行预处理,添加一般任务描述和说明,以系统消息和用户消息的形式。
import datasets
SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are a precise event scheduler.
1. First, reason through the problem inside <think> and </think> tags. Here you can create drafts,
compare alternatives, and check for mistakes.
2. When confident, output the final schedule inside <schedule> and </schedule> tags.
Your schedule must strictly follow the rules provided by the user."""
USER_PROMPT ="""Task: create an optimized schedule based on the given events.
Rules:
- The schedule MUST be in strict chronological order.
Do NOT place priority events earlier unless their actual start time is earlier.
- Event start and end times are ABSOLUTE. NEVER change, shorten, adjust, or split them.
- Priority events (weight = 2) carry more weight than normal events (weight = 1),
but they MUST still respect chronological order.
- Maximize the sum of weighted event durations.
- No overlaps allowed. In conflicts, include the event with the higher weighted time.
- Some events may be excluded if needed to meet these rules.
You must use this format:
<think>...</think>
<schedule>
<event>
<name>...</name>
<start>...</start>
<end>...</end>
</event>
...
</schedule>
---
"""
ds = datasets.load_dataset("anakin87/events-scheduling", split="train")
ds = ds.map(
lambda x: {
"prompt": [
{"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM_PROMPT},
{"role": "user", "content": USER_PROMPT + x["prompt"]},
]
}
)
import re
overall_pattern = (r"<think>.+</think>.*<schedule>.*(<event>.*<name>.+</name>.*<start>\d{2}:\d{2}</start>.*"
r"<end>\d{2}:\d{2}</end>.*</event>)+.*</schedule>")
overall_regex = re.compile(overall_pattern, re.DOTALL)
def format_reward(prompts, completions, **kwargs):
responses = [completion[0]['content'] for completion in completions]
return [0.0 if not overall_regex.match(response) else 10.0 for response in responses]
def sorted_events_reward(completions, **kwargs):
scores =
responses =
for response in responses:
scheduled_events = get_events(response)
# not a valid schedule: should be discarded
if len(scheduled_events) < 2:
scores.append(0.0)
continue
scheduled_events_minutes =
for ev in scheduled_events]
if all(scheduled_events_minutes[i][1] < scheduled_events_minutes[i+1][1]
for i in range(len(scheduled_events_minutes)-1)):
scores.append(20.0)
else:
scores.append(0)
return scores
def score_reward(prompts, completions, events, priority_events, optimal_score, **kwargs):
scores =
responses =
for content, valid_events, priorities, opt_score in zip(responses, events, priority_events, optimal_score):
scheduled_events = get_events(content)
# Get valid scheduled events
existing_events = {ev for ev in scheduled_events if
# penalize choosing nonexistent events or less than 2 events (not a valid schedule)
if len(existing_events)<len(scheduled_events) or len(existing_events) < 2:
scores.append(0.0)
continue
# Convert to minutes
existing_events_minutes = [(ev[0], time_to_minutes(ev[1]), time_to_minutes(ev[2]))
for ev in existing_events]
# remove overlapping events and remove both events - to penalize overlaps
overlapping_events = set()
for j in range(len(existing_events_minutes)):
for k in range(j + 1, len(existing_events_minutes)):
if (existing_events_minutes[j][1] <= existing_events_minutes[k][2] and
existing_events_minutes[j][2] >= existing_events_minutes[k][1]):
overlapping_events.add(existing_events_minutes[j])
overlapping_events.add(existing_events_minutes[k])
existing_events_minutes =
if ev not in overlapping_events]
# Calculate score
score = sum(2 * (ev[2] - ev[1]) if ev[0] in priorities
else ev[2] - ev[1] for ev in existing_events_minutes)
scores.append((score/opt_score) * 70)
return scores
from trl import GRPOConfig, GRPOTrainer
tokenized_prompts = [tokenizer.apply_chat_template(prompt, tokenize=True, add_generation_prompt=True)
for prompt in ds['prompt']]
exact_max_prompt_length = max([len(tokenized_prompt) for tokenized_prompt in tokenized_prompts])
max_prompt_length = 448 # manually adjusted
new_model_id="anakin87/qwen-scheduler-7b-grpo"
training_args = GRPOConfig(
learning_rate = 8e-6,
adam_beta1 = 0.9,
adam_beta2 = 0.99,
weight_decay = 0.1,
warmup_ratio = 0.01,
lr_scheduler_type = "cosine",
optim = "paged_adamw_8bit",
logging_steps = 1,
per_device_train_batch_size = 8,
gradient_accumulation_steps = 1,
num_generations = 8, # Decrease if out of memory
max_prompt_length = max_prompt_length,
max_completion_length = max_seq_length - max_prompt_length,
max_grad_norm = 0.1,
output_dir = "outputs",
overwrite_output_dir = True,
push_to_hub = True,
hub_model_id=new_model_id,
hub_strategy="every_save",
save_strategy="steps",
save_steps=50,
save_total_limit=1,
num_train_epochs=3,
)
trainer = GRPOTrainer(
model = model,
processing_class = tokenizer,
reward_funcs=[
format_reward,
sorted_events_reward,
score_reward,
],
args = training_args,
train_dataset = ds,
)
trainer.train()


最后,我也会分享如何通过此类原创实践项目,教会大模型识别环境、理解系统性思维、练习数据结构设计等AI工程核心能力。
参考:https://huggingface.co/blog/anakin87/qwen-scheduler-grpo
📌 如果你对实操性强、可复现、整套代码公开的GRPO+大模型项目感兴趣,那就不要错过我的这段实战经验!
(文:AI技术研习社)