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Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a standardized interface aimed at achieving seamless interaction between AI models and external tools and resources, breaking down data silos and enhancing interoperability across different systems. MCP’s core components include the MCP host, client, and server, working together to enable secure and efficient communication with AI applications and external data sources. It covers lifecycle stages like creation, operation, and updates of MCP servers, along with an ecosystem including key adopters such as Anthropic, OpenAI, and community-driven platforms. This protocol also discusses security threats at each stage and proposed mitigation strategies.